A Hybrid Model to Test the Importance of Mechanical Cues Driving Cell Migration in Angiogenesis

Many studies are stressing the crucial importance of the mechanical component in angiogenesis, but still, very few models really integrate mechanics. In this paper, we propose to investigate the importance of mechanical cues for cell migration in the context of angiogenesis. We propose a hybrid continuous-discrete model that describes the individual migration of contracting cells on an elastic matrix of fibres. The matrix is described as a continuum whereas the cells are described as discrete elements. We also take into account the degradation of the matrix by proteases. The Young’s modulus characterizing the matrix rigidity depends on the local and time-dependent density of matrix fibres. Our results show that acting on the mechanics, specifically on the cell traction force intensity and on the matrix rigidity, can significantly alter cell migration and angiogenesis. First, there is a limited range of traction force intensities for which a vascular network can be obtained. Second, the matrix rigidity plays a role, but only in a very specific range, compatible with the underlying biological process. Alteration of the matrix due to cell degradation appears too small to induce significant changes in cell migration trajectories.